Mauna Kea

The story

Mauna Kea (, Hawaiian: [ˈmɐwnə ˈkɛjə]; abbreviation for Mauna a Wākea, 'White Mountain') is a dormant shield volcano on the island of Hawaiʻi. Its peak is 13,803 feet (4,207.3 meters) above sea level, making it the highest point in Hawaii and the island with the second highest high point, behind New Guinea. The peak is about 125 ft (38 m) higher than Mauna Loa, its more massive neighbor. Mauna Kea is unusually topographically prominent for its height: its prominence from sea level is 15th in the world among mountains, at 13,803 ft (4,207.3 m); its prominence from under the ocean is 30,610 ft (9,330 m), rivaled only by Mount Everest. This dry prominence is greater than Everest's height above sea level of 8,848.86 metres or 29,031.7 feet, and some authorities have labeled Mauna Kea the tallest mountain in the world, from its underwater base. Mauna Kea is ranked 8th by topographic isolation. It is about one million years old and thus passed the most active shield stage of life hundreds of thousands of years ago. In its current post-shield state, its lava is more viscous, resulting in a steeper profile. Late volcanism has also given it a much rougher appearance than its neighboring volcanoes due to construction of cinder cones, decentralization of its rift zones, glaciation on its peak, and weathering by the prevailing trade winds. Mauna Kea last erupted 6,000 to 4,000 years ago and is now thought to be dormant. In Hawaiian religion, the peaks of the island of Hawaiʻi are sacred. An ancient law allowed only high-ranking aliʻi to visit its peak. Ancient Hawaiians living on the slopes of Mauna Kea relied on its extensive forests for food, and quarried the dense volcano-glacial basalts on its flanks for tool production. When Europeans arrived in the late 18th century, settlers introduced cattle, sheep, and game animals, many of which became feral and began to damage the volcano's ecological balance. Mauna Kea can be ecologically divided into three sections: an alpine climate at its summit, a Sophora chrysophylla–Myoporum sandwicense (or māmane–naio) forest on its flanks, and an Acacia koa–Metrosideros polymorpha (or koa–ʻōhiʻa) forest, now mostly cleared by the former sugar industry, at its base. In recent years, concern over the vulnerability of the native species has led to court cases that have forced the Hawaiʻi Department of Land and Natural Resources to work towards eradicating all feral species on the volcano. With its high elevation, dry environment, and stable airflow, Mauna Kea's summit is one of the best sites in the world for astronomical observation. Since the creation of an access road in 1964, thirteen telescopes funded by eleven countries have been constructed at the summit. The Maunakea Observatories are used for scientific research across the electromagnetic spectrum and comprise the largest such facility in the world. Their construction on a landscape considered sacred by Native Hawaiians continues to be a topic of debate to this day.

From Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.

Wikidata Q131230, referenced by the OpenStreetMap record.

What the record says

Elevation

4205 m

What to expect

Official site

How to reach it

Named places within 25 miles

Other summits around it

The highest named summits within 7.4 miles of Mauna Kea. Elevation from each summit’s own record; bearing measured between the two coordinates.

When to go

Light through the year

Local time (Pacific/Honolulu).

Climate normals

Months averaging 50–80 °F: year-round.

1991–2020 U.S. Climate Normals, NOAA NCEI — Paauilo 221, 16 mi away.

Where this comes from

• USGS Geographic Names Information System feature 366215 — Mauna Kea, Hawaii County, Hawaii.

OpenStreetMap element node/2189450439